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Showing posts with label biografia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label biografia. Show all posts

Tuesday, 10 March 2015

Recensione: "Le ceneri di Angela", di Frank McCourt (1996)

 
 


Frank è il bambino che mi porto dentro, il retaggio di un’infanzia trascorsa nell’indigenza, mediata dalla figura di mio padre. Una piccola persona che impara a difendersi dalle avversità, dalla fame, dalle botte, dalle malattie, dai lutti familiari, dall’ostilità generale utilizzando soprattutto le risorse del proprio intelletto e un insolito senso dell’umorismo, non certo la forza o la prestanza fisica. Un minuscolo David, gracile e affamato, alle prese con una società-Golia misera e incattivita, sotto il tallone della Chiesa di Roma, che incoraggia le famiglie, soprattutto le più miserabili, a figliare senza sosta, col risultato che circa la metà della prole muore nella prima infanzia.
 
 
Madri denutrite, spesso malmenate, che attendevano la paga settimanale del marito per riuscire a comprare due o tre cose da dare da mangiare ai figli; mariti etilisti, spesso disoccupati, che aspettavano solo di ricevere la misera paga per andare a bersela tutta al pub; neonati morti in culla senza causa apparente, altri che soccombevano a varie epidemie influenzali, al freddo, ai parassiti, alla tisi.
Attraverso questo inferno sociale irlandese tra le due Guerre, il piccolo Frank si destreggia a sopravvivere, anzi si crea un proprio mondo immaginifico senza però mai perdere di vista la dura realtà e le sue responsabilità di “capofamiglia” in miniatura. Appena può, di riffa o di raffa, si procura del cibo da dividere con la mamma e i fratellini.
 
Le esperienze scolastiche presentano un girone dantesco di maestri sadici e maneschi, disinteressati all’insegnamento, appagati solo dal fatto di essere giudicati generosi quando regalano a uno degli scolari la buccia della mela che si mangiano con evidente soddisfazione davanti alla classe che li guarda sbavando. Frank lascia la scuola a tredici anni per guadagnare il sostentamento della sua famiglia.
Però Frank ama leggere e legge tutto quello che può, senza discriminazioni, per nutrire la sua mente famelica quanto il suo corpo. Quasi soccombe al tifo e in ospedale “incontra” una ragazzina con la difterite di là dalla parete, anche lei appassionata lettrice, ma vengono crudelmente separati dalla suora che li ha sorpresi comunicarsi a vicenda versi poetici attraverso la parete.
 
 
La figura paterna è profondamente presente. Da sempre considerato un “outsider” (irlandese del Nord in un ambiente del Sud, membro scomunicato dell’IRA nella bigottissima Limerick, padre inesistente, ma che pretende dai propri figli di giurare che moriranno per l’Irlanda), è anche uomo che ama la musica e la poesia, che non alza mai la voce né le mani e dimostra per l’unica figlia neonata un affetto che lascia tutti sbigottiti. Frank impara da lui che l’apparenza è più importante della sostanza: incongruamente, infatti, il padre si agghinda come per andare a un matrimonio tutte le volte – poche – che trova lavoro come manovale. Per il figlio è la quintessenza della dignità alcolizzata. Lo trova biasimevole e ammirevole allo stesso tempo.
Per la madre prova un affetto profondo, sente di doverla difendere anche quando toccherebbe a lei proteggerlo. La vede come vittima di una società inesplicabile e, a differenza del padre, priva di senso del decoro, che non si vergogna di andare a elemosinare cibo e altre prime necessità a varie associazioni benefiche, capace di abbassarsi ad azioni indegne pur di sfamare, se possibile, i suoi bambini. Per amore. Frank comprende, ma non perdona.
I fratellini sono i suoi compagni di gioco ma anche la sua responsabilità. Si prodiga per loro, cambia le loro sozze fasce quando la madre è incapacitata, ha con loro un rapporto giocoso e maturo, da piccolo papà.
Il resto della famiglia estesa è caratterizzato da individui abbruttiti dalla miseria e insensibili alle esigenze dei piccoli. Tutti profondamente cattolici e ipocriti, non praticano l’amore per il prossimo, ma hanno il culto delle apparenze. Ci sono un paio di eccezioni ma Frank non può contare sul sostegno di nessuno di loro.
La vita per Frank è una corsa a ostacoli, ma il suo buonumore è inesauribile così come il suo desiderio di imparare e di essere di sostegno alla madre e ai fratelli. E’ un vincitore e dimostrerà come.
Frank McCourt è ormai considerato uno dei maggiori autori irlandesi. Scomparso da poco, è venerato sia nella sua patria d’origine, sia in quella di adozione, gli Stati Uniti, dove nacque nel 1930 e morì nel 2009. Tipico esempio dell’uomo rinascimentale autodidatta, è stato insegnante a New York, dove si è laureato e insegnato in diverse scuole anche molto prestigiose. Ha scritto tre romanzi autobiografici – Le ceneri di Angela (1996 – Premio Pulitzer 1997), Che paese, l’America (1999) e Ehi, prof! (2005) che gli hanno dato risonanza internazionale.
Un film diretto da Alan Parker basato su Le ceneri di Angela è stato girato nel 1999.
                   “Io penso che mio padre sia come la santa Trinità e abbia dentro di sé tre persone: quella della mattina con il giornale, quella della sera con le storie e le preghiere e quella che la combina grossa, torna a casa con la puzza di whiskey e vuole che moriamo per l'Irlanda.” (Frank Mc Court, 1930-2009)
 
©DaniBlue
10 marzo 2015

Tuesday, 21 October 2014

One Boat I Missed




At seventeen, I was an art student looking for an either full- or part-time advertising job in the city where I lived, which was known as a capital of design. I had learned the theoretical skills of graphic art and was eager to acquire the practice as well. I tirelessly copied down from the Yellow Pages dozens addresses of agencies and started to explore, starry eyed, my portfolio under my arm, to enquire whether they needed apprentices.




I walked from agency to agency, sitting interviews and being politely rejected by each one. Conscious of my lack of experience, being young, shy and unaware of the world I was exploring, my demands were modest. When confronted by the question “ How much?”  I started stuttering  “Whatever you decide I am worth”.
I walked into an agency and was surprised to find two girls, former school companions of mine, who were trainees in it. They welcomed me merrily  and introduced me to the art director who had hired them. When we were at school, I was considered top of the class, whereas they were somewhat notorious for being  lazy and somewhat easy. Here, instead, they seemed to enjoy what they were doing and appeared to do it with a degree of competence. They convinced their boss to let me have a go. I was overjoyed and started my apprenticeship. There were several nice activities that I could finally put to practice – layouts, storyboards, choice of colours and fonts plus a myriad other little playful games. And all this, unlike at school, was done for REAL paying clients. When I went back home that evening I was thrilled and looking forward to the next morning.

At the end of day two, the art director walked over to me and whispered mournfully that he regretted it, but they could not keep me, because they had already enough interns. Bang. I was shot through the heart. Good luck and so long.
 

My search resumed. On one occasion I was kept waiting several hours for an interview with the boss who in the end never made an appearance. Most of the times I was simply dismissed without even the prospective employers taking a look at my portfolio.
 
I was given a chance at an umpteenth agency. They told me that they would consider what wages they’d give me after a training period of a month. So I went everyday and did all I was asked to do – not very exciting, rather menial jobs on the whole, but sort of training grounds. When pay day came, I went to the boss and asked with a smile what he thought I deserved. He answered thus: “You are an apprentice: we are teaching you a job, therefore YOU should pay US. But if you want to continue, we will be generous and give you a chance for free”. I was too naïve to report the agency to the labour unions – what did I know of this murky jungle after all?
Deeply dispirited as I was, I had another go in a final agency. However, the work I did there was truly uninteresting and the wages were peanuts.


 
 
After a few months of fruitless search I had almost given up, when I received a call from a gentlemen with a foreign accent who said he had  got my name from mutual acquaintances. He wanted to see me. I went to the appointment with my portfolio and a little hope. He had a private studio in one of the city skyscrapers and was an amateur painter and a Swiss businessman. He was in his eighties.
He had a look at my portfolio and gave me a positive assessment; he said he was planning to illustrate a new edition of Desiderius Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly and invited me to do some sketches of those passages that  I found most impressive. He lent me the book and asked me to read it. This would be the first of my tasks.




The second task would be to pose for him, for which I would get attractive fees. I was dumbfounded. I was a graphic designer, not an artist’s model; on the other hand, I was penniless and keen on becoming independent of my family. He sensed my bafflement and reassured me: “I am an old man, I could not molest you even if I tried. All I am asking you is to be my model, dressed and undressed. Don’t give me an answer now. Think about it, and next week you’ll let me know. Meanwhile start reading The Praise of Folly and see it if it inspires you some artistic output.”
He bid me goodbye with a smile and a stroke on my head. As I rode the lift leaving his studio, I was utterly confused. He looked a real gentleman, old, well dressed, mild-mannered; he appeared to have money but wasn’t a braggart. He gave me the impression of being very lonely, but this could also spell danger…



I was undecided whether to go back to his atelier or let the thing fall through. I had his book, true, but I could return it to him by post. Instead, he rang and asked me if I had started reading it and had got some ideas. He was ever so polite; how could I have doubted his intentions? His call spurred me on to develop a few ideas for illustrations. I wanted to show him that this was my priority: I was serious about becoming a professional illustrator, so I drew a number of sketches, which I took to him at our following meeting.
He considered them carefully, gave a positive technical evaluation and started discussing the book with me. He wanted to know my impressions; I was rightly embarrassed, because I felt my cultural level to be well below his own. He graciously said that Erasmus’s prose would grow on me, and that my drawings confirmed that. Then he asked if I had considered his proposal of modelling for him.

 
I blushed and said that I accepted it. He was glad, and asked me to remove my blouse and bra. He turned away to spare my embarrassment. When I told him I was ready, he turned to look at me betraying  no emotion. He considered me from all angles, then started sketching on his pad.
 
 
We had a number of these sessions. He was always gentlemanly, never attempted to touch or kiss; I was growing more confident and slowly stopped doing drawings for the book. I simply posed for him and he paid me regularly. Sometimes he even took me out for a drink; once we drove over the border to Switzerland in his car and had an aperitif in an elegant bar on the lake shore. He looked very old and sad. I couldn’t – and wouldn’t – get through to him. For me he was my employer; he belonged to another social class, another generation, another world. I never asked about him or his family, nor he about me or my family. There was a barrier between us. Probably this is what made him sad.
 
Autumn came and I started having a young boyfriend. My relationship with the Swiss slowed down. Our sessions thinned out, then stopped altogether. I never heard anything about the old man again. All that I am left with of our interlude is a present he gave me – a nude portrait he did of me, crayon on paper.
 
21.10.2014
 
© DaniBlue